![]() Groovy and Scala launched their 1.0 releases before the introduction of GitHub with Clojure shortly afterward. Because Kotlin 1.0 was released eight years after GitHub was launched, it is not surprising that Java leads Kotlin 18:1, instead of 5:1, as the survey responses indicate. The report contrasted the survey responses with real-world usage by analyzing the programming languages of GitHub repositories. ![]() Snyk found that Java is the most popular JVM language with 91%, ahead of Kotlin with 18%, Groovy with 13%, Scala with 10%, and Clojure with 8%. The JRebel 2021 report saw the use of all Java versions grow from 2020 including both Java 8 and Java 7 and older. The following chart compares the results of the Snyk Report and the JRebel reports from this year and last year: The JRebel report collected 876 developer responses from August to November 2020 and, unlike the Snyk report, did not distinguish between development and production use of the JDKs. That report found that Java 8 had twice the usage of Java 11 and that use of Java 7 and older was on par with Java 12 and newer. The findings in this report stand in sharp contrast to JRebel’s 2021 Java Developer Productivity Report released in March 2021. Because up to three responses were allowed for this question, the total percentage of developers using Java 11 or newer is unknown, as is the rate of those using Java 8 or older. The survey found that, at 21%, more than three times as many developers use Java 12 or newer in production than Java 7 or older with 6%. Most of this year’s survey results cannot be compared against last year because it allowed multiple answers. 35% of respondents work for companies with 100 or fewer employees, while 37% work for companies with 1000 or more employees. 60% of responses came from Europe, 19% from North America, and 12% from Russia and Asia. Over 2000 Java developers responded to the survey that lasted for six weeks from February into March 2021. Developers favored IntelliJ IDEA, which was used three times as much as the Eclipse IDE, while the use of Maven was twice that of Gradle. The use of Spring Boot, Jarkarta EE, and newer frameworks has grown over the past year. Eclipse Adoptium, having recently created their new working group, has already contributed 1% (Adoptium is still incubating and has not officially released any binaries). At 45%, AdoptOpenJDK is the most popular JDK distribution, which is well ahead of Oracle OpenJDK and Oracle JDK coming in at 28% and 23%, respectively. Kotlin is the most popular JVM language after Java. The JVM Ecosystem Report 2021, a collaboration between Snyk and Azul, has revealed that 62% of the surveyed developers use Java 11 in production, narrowly leading Java 8 with 60%.
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